![The Problem of Over-Design for Darwinism](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/problem-over-design-darwinism.jpg)
The Problem of Over-Design for Darwinism
Dr. Jerry Bergman • Feb. 23, 2022
The case for over-design is reviewed focusing on documented cases of normal persons that have exceptional abilities.
![Liver Evolution Claims Fail](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/liver-evolution-claims-fail.jpg)
Liver Evolution Claims Fail
Dr. Jerry Bergman • Oct. 20, 2021
An enormous unbridgeable gap exists between invertebrates, who do not have livers, and vertebrates, who cannot live without them.
![One of the Most Widely Used Quotes by D. M. S. Watson Vindicated](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.50x.63,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/watson-quote.jpg)
One of the Most Widely Used Quotes by D. M. S. Watson Vindicated
Dr. Jerry Bergman • Oct. 13, 2021
Critics have attempted to negate the effect of a common quote that evolution is accepted mainly because the only alternative, special creation, is unacceptable.
![Evolution of the Pancreas](https://cf-assets.answersingenesis.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/aid/evolution-pancreas.jpg)
Evolution of the Pancreas
Dr. Jerry Bergman • Oct. 6, 2021
All vertebrate pancreases have an endocrine function producing insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin hormones, as well as exocrine functions producing digestive enzymes.
![The Spleen, Once Regarded as Vestigial, Now Recognized as a Critically Important Organ](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.61x.46,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v14/the-spleen-once-regarded.jpg)
The Spleen, Once Regarded as Vestigial, Now Recognized as a Critically Important Organ
Dr. Jerry Bergman • June 30, 2021
The spleen is now acknowledged to be a critical organ serving at least six different important functions.
![Evolution of the Vertebrate Kidney Baffles Evolutionists](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.71x.20,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v14/evolution-of-the-vertebrate-kidney-baffles-evolutionists.jpg)
Evolution of the Vertebrate Kidney Baffles Evolutionists
Dr. Jerry Bergman • Feb. 24, 2021
An unbridgeable gap exists between the simple urinary system used in invertebrates and the far more complex kidney system used in all vertebrates.
![Theistic Evolution: A Response to Wayne Grudem, Making the Same Errors He Opposes in Others](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.37x.56,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v14/theistic-evolution-response-to-wayne-grudem.jpg)
Theistic Evolution: A Response to Wayne Grudem, Making the Same Errors He Opposes in Others
Dr. Terry Mortenson • Feb. 17, 2021
Grudem is making the same biblical and theological errors that theistic evolutionists make. To be biblically consistent, he must abandon his old-earth position.
![Responding to Lightner’s Comments on Natural Selection: Points of Agreement and Disagreement](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.44x.34,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v12/natural-selection-papers.jpg)
Responding to Lightner’s Comments on Natural Selection: Points of Agreement and Disagreement
Dr. Jason Lisle • Jan. 30, 2019
My paper was criticizing what Guliuzza has publicly written in which he denies the reality of natural selection: a claim that he has never publicly retracted.
![Still No Replacement of Darwin—A Reply to Nathanial Jeanson’s Response to my Review of Replacing Darwin—The New Origin of Species](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.43x.24,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v11/still-no-replacement-to-darwin-and-response.jpg)
Still No Replacement of Darwin—A Reply to Nathanial Jeanson’s Response to my Review of Replacing Darwin—The New Origin of Species
Stefan Frello • Nov. 21, 2018
I used to think that when creationists talk about creation and evolution as a clash between worldviews, they were wrong. Jeanson has helped me change my mind.
![A Light and Electron Microscopic Study of the Palo Verde Tree of the Desert Southwest](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.62x.33,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v11/palo-verde-tree.jpg)
A Light and Electron Microscopic Study of the Palo Verde Tree of the Desert Southwest
Mark Armitage , et. al. • Sept. 19, 2018
The palo verde tree is well known to residents of the desert southwest and Mexico, yet there are few studies of it in the technical literature.
![Biblical Integration in Anatomy and Physiology: A Design Approach](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.66x.19,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v11/anatomy-drawing.jpg)
Biblical Integration in Anatomy and Physiology: A Design Approach
Elizabeth Sled • June 20, 2018
We have been created fearfully and wonderfully by our Creator God, and the human body showcases God’s intricate design.
![No Replacement of Darwin](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.47x.23,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v11/no-replacement-to-darwin-and-response.jpg)
No Replacement of Darwin
Stefan Frello • April 25, 2018
Jeanson takes on a formidable task: To show that the theory of evolution is wrong, and to replace it with biblical creation. To make it short: Jeanson fails.
![The Origin of Beauty: Contrasting the Handicap Hypothesis and Design Theory](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.23x.97,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v10/peacock-feathers.jpg)
The Origin of Beauty: Contrasting the Handicap Hypothesis and Design Theory
David Woetzel • Dec. 13, 2017
Why should there be such “gratuitous beauty”? The plethora of extravagant biological characteristics prominently call out for an explanation.
![Information Processing Differences Between Bacteria and Eukarya—Implications for the Myth of Eukaryogenesis](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v8/bacteria-microscope.jpg)
Information Processing Differences Between Bacteria and Eukarya—Implications for the Myth of Eukaryogenesis
Change Laura Tan , et. al. • March 25, 2015
Based on differences in gene sets and molecular machines between bacteria and eukarya, we continue to demonstrate that unbridgeable evolutionary chasms exist.
![Information Processing Differences Between Archaea and Eukarya—Implications for Homologs and the Myth of Eukaryogenesis](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v8/cancer-cells.jpg)
Information Processing Differences Between Archaea and Eukarya—Implications for Homologs and the Myth of Eukaryogenesis
Change Laura Tan , et. al. • March 18, 2015
In the grand evolutionary paradigm, the origin of the eukaryotic cell represents one of the great mysteries and key hypothetical transitions of life.
![Scientific Evidence Indicates Natural Selection and Brain-Based Education Conflict with Human Nature](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.50x.45,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v7/scientific-evidence-indicates-conflict-human-nature.jpg)
Scientific Evidence Indicates Natural Selection and Brain-Based Education Conflict with Human Nature
Callie Joubert • Oct. 15, 2014
Children have an innate, natural, intuitive, and unlearned tendency to reason about the world as biblical creationists do.
![Anomalies with Planets and Satellites in the Solar System—Indication of Design?](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.56x.38,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v7/anomalies-with-planets-and-satellites.jpg)
Anomalies with Planets and Satellites in the Solar System—Indication of Design?
Dr. Danny R. Faulkner • June 25, 2014
The evolutionary theory cannot explain certain aspects of solar system bodies. There have been few comprehensive proposals for a creationary model.
![An Initial Estimate Toward Identifying and Numbering the Frog Kinds on the Ark: Order Anura](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v6/frog-kinds.jpg)
An Initial Estimate Toward Identifying and Numbering the Frog Kinds on the Ark: Order Anura
Tom Hennigan • Oct. 2, 2013
It is estimated that 140 extant Anuran kinds were brought on the Ark.
![A Response to Peter Enns’s Attack on Biblical Creationism](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v6/biblical-creationism.jpg)
A Response to Peter Enns’s Attack on Biblical Creationism
Lee Anderson, Jr. • April 17, 2013
This paper overviews the recent work of Peter Enns, The Evolution of Adam.
![Evolutionary Psychology: Why It Fails as a Science and Is Dangerous](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.82x.17,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v5/evolutionary-psychology-why-it-fails.jpg)
Evolutionary Psychology: Why It Fails as a Science and Is Dangerous
Callie Joubert • Dec. 19, 2012
Christians and the public at large cannot afford to accept what they are being told about themselves from the perspective of evolutionary psychology.
![Is Young-Earth Creationism a Bad Choice?](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.50x.31,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v5/is-young-earth-creationism-a-bad-choice.jpg)
Is Young-Earth Creationism a Bad Choice?
Callie Joubert • Nov. 14, 2012
Any understanding of Scripture that excludes or indicts the divine Himself is necessarily flawed and false.
![Mammalian Ark Kinds](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.53x.37,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v5/mammalian-ark-kinds.jpg)
Mammalian Ark Kinds
Dr. Jean Lightner • Oct. 31, 2012
Information on the class Mammalia was evaluated in an attempt to get a realistic estimate of what mammalian kinds would have been represented on the Ark.
![The Unbeliever at War with God: Michael Ruse and the Creation-Evolution Controversy](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v5/the-unbeliever-at-war-with-God.jpg)
The Unbeliever at War with God: Michael Ruse and the Creation-Evolution Controversy
Callie Joubert • Sept. 5, 2012
The evidence to be considered will indicate that a fear of God and afterlife play a major role in the psychology of unbelief, and that points toward the realism of Scripture.
![Review of John Lennox’s Book Seven Days That Divide the World: The Beginning According to Genesis and Science](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.48x.32,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v5/review-of-john-lennoxs-book-seven-days.jpg)
Review of John Lennox’s Book Seven Days That Divide the World: The Beginning According to Genesis and Science
Simon Turpin • June 27, 2012
Lennox reasons that the church has been wrong in the past over its interpretation of Scripture in light of scientific discovery, and that those holding to a young earth are wrong again.
![An Evaluation of the Myth That “Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution”](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v5/an-evaluation-of-the-myth.jpg)
An Evaluation of the Myth That “Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution”
Dr. Jerry Bergman • Feb. 8, 2012
I reviewed both the textbooks used for life science classes at the college where I teach and those that I used in my past university course work.
![Genome-Wide DNA Alignment Similarity (Identity) for 40,000 Chimpanzee DNA Sequences Queried against the Human Genome is 86–89%](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v4/chimpanzee-dna.jpg)
Genome-Wide DNA Alignment Similarity (Identity) for 40,000 Chimpanzee DNA Sequences Queried against the Human Genome is 86–89%
Jeffrey P. Tomkins • Dec. 28, 2011
To provide a global set of analyses, large-scale comparative DNA sequence alignments between the chimpanzee and human genomes were performed with the BLASTN algorithm.
![Created Kinds and Essential Natures: A Biblical and Philosophical Response to Evolutionists](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.51x.14,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v4/created-kinds-and-essential-natures.jpg)
Created Kinds and Essential Natures: A Biblical and Philosophical Response to Evolutionists
Callie Joubert • July 27, 2011
Assuming that “natural kind” is a merely biological rather than metaphysical would be a mistake, resulting in Christians having difficulty evaluating and correcting rival views to created kinds.
![An Examination of Augustine’s Commentaries on Genesis One and Their Implications on a Modern Theological Controversy](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v4/st-augustine.jpg)
An Examination of Augustine’s Commentaries on Genesis One and Their Implications on a Modern Theological Controversy
Dr. Tim Chaffey • July 13, 2011
Few individuals in church history are as popular as Augustine of Hippo. Old-earthers claim him as support for figurative interpretations of Genesis 1. But what did Augustine really say?
![The Human Retina Shows Evidence of Good Design](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v4/eye-retina.jpg)
The Human Retina Shows Evidence of Good Design
Dr. Jerry Bergman • June 8, 2011
Darwinists try to disprove the argument from design by providing examples of what they claim are poor design.
![Toward an Accurate Model of Variation in DNA](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v4/DNA-variation.jpg)
Toward an Accurate Model of Variation in DNA
Mitchel Soltys • March 2, 2011
The Bible’s description of created kinds implies an information model which uses variables. The findings in this paper show that a model which uses variables forms a basis for understanding biology.
![Baraminological Analysis Places Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, and Australopithecus sediba in the Human Holobaramin](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v3/baraminological-analysis-II.jpg)
Baraminological Analysis Places Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, and Australopithecus sediba in the Human Holobaramin
Todd Charles Wood • May 5, 2010
This present study should end charges against creationists that classification of australopiths as human or ape is arbitrary and meaningless.
![Fraud and Forgery in Paleoanthropology](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.21x.72,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v2/skull.jpg)
Fraud and Forgery in Paleoanthropology
Dr. Jerry Bergman • Dec. 23, 2009
A review of the history of paleoanthropology leads to the conclusion that the discipline is far less objective than that for physics, chemistry, or even biology.
![Systematic Theology Texts and the Age of the Earth](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v2/hourglass-time.jpg)
Systematic Theology Texts and the Age of the Earth
Dr. Terry Mortenson • Dec. 16, 2009
In the past few decades there has been a growing controversy in society and in the Church over evolution and the age of the earth.
![Fungi from the Biblical Perspective](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v2/mushrooms-fungi.jpg)
Fungi from the Biblical Perspective
Ira Loucks • Oct. 21, 2009
Fungi are intriguing organisms with a wealth of diversity in their morphology and ecology. Determining the fundamentals of their biology from a biblical perspective is a daunting but achievable task.
![A Possible Function of Entamoeba histolytica in the Creation Model](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.54x.33,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v2/entamoeba-microscope.jpg)
A Possible Function of Entamoeba histolytica in the Creation Model
Frank Sherwin • Oct. 14, 2009
There is a need for parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica to be addressed from a biblical perspective that may include their original symbiotic or mutualistic association in man.
![The Natural History of Retroviruses](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v2/testing-science.jpg)
The Natural History of Retroviruses
Yingguang Liu , et. al. • Sept. 30, 2009
Evolutionists assume that all endogenous retroviruses are remnants of germ line infection by exogenous retroviruses.
![An Apology and Unification Theory for the Reconciliation of Physical Matter and Metaphysical Cognizance](https://cf-assets.answersresearchjournal.org/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,height=250,f=auto,g=.x.,fit=cover,q=75/img/cms/content/contentnode/image/papers/v1/an-apology-and-unification-theory.jpg)
An Apology and Unification Theory for the Reconciliation of Physical Matter and Metaphysical Cognizance
Desmond Allen • Feb. 27, 2008
Because one is tangible and the other intangible, the physical and metaphysical are generally treated separately. But this dichotomy is illogical.