Professional, peer-reviewed papers addressing the biblical, theological, social, archaeological, and historical issues related to Babel.
Chronological Framework of Ancient History: Parts 1–5. Reply
Kenneth C. Griffith , et. al. • Oct. 2, 2024
The authors of the series, “Chronological Framework of Ancient History” respond to critiques.
Chronological Framework of Ancient History. Papers 1–5. Comments
Eric J. Tweedy • Oct. 2, 2024
The author calls some of the conclusions in an earlier series, “Chronological Framework of Ancient History,” into question.
Chronological Framework of Ancient History. Papers 1–5: Comments
Anne Habermehl • Aug. 7, 2024
Anne Habermehl claims that the Griffith and White’s series, Chronological Framework of Ancient History, reinforces the longer Septuagint timeline.
Where in the World is the Tower of Babel? A Further Reply
Anne Habermehl • July 17, 2024
Anne Habermehl responds to John Osgood’s critique of her Tower of Babel paper.
Where in the World is the Tower of Babel? Reply to Osgood
Kenneth C. Griffith , et. al. • July 17, 2024
Kenneth C. Griffith and Darrell K. White weigh in on the location of the Tower of Babel in response to Habermehl’s and Osgood’s papers.
The Ark Landing, The Migration, and the Early Settling of Noah’s Sons. Part 1: The Beginning and the Sons of Shem—Reply
A. John M. Osgood • June 19, 2024
Osgood responds to Habermehl’s objection of his concept and rejection of some archaeological findings.
The Ark Landing, The Migration, and the Early Settling of Noah’s Sons. Part 1: The Beginning and the Sons of Shem—Comments
Anne Habermehl • June 19, 2024
Anne Habermehl argues that archaeology is not the only discipline that needs to be applied in determining much that happened in history. A. John M. Osgood responds in a second article.
Where in the World Is the Tower of Babel? Comments
A. John M. Osgood • March 13, 2024
This is the first of a three-part series. This first paper discusses Habermehl’s 2011 paper, “Where in the World is the Tower of Babel?”
The Ark Landing, the Migration, and the Early Settling of Noah’s Sons. Part 1: The Beginning and the Sons of Shem
A. John M. Osgood • Oct. 4, 2023
As a result of archaeological research, the landing of the sons of Noah and their early movements are able to be followed. It will be argued that biblical history makes sense of the findings.
Chronological Framework of Ancient History. 2: Founding of the Nations
Kenneth C. Griffith , et. al. • Dec. 14, 2022
This paper is the second in the series and continues the process of systematizing the chronology of the ANE using the durations given by the ancient chroniclers.
Chronological Framework of Ancient History. 1: Problem, Data, and Methodology
Kenneth C. Griffith , et. al. • Nov. 16, 2022
This series of papers makes the case that a broad consensus of ancient sources speaks in harmony with Ussher’s chronology of the Bible.
Blessed Be Assyria
Gregory D. Cook • Dec. 14, 2016
Judgment in Nahum follows the pattern of Babel. God would come down, incapacitate a rebellion, and scatter rebels. This contradicts a widely-held belief.
Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis
Matt McClellan • Aug. 24, 2011
This paper will look at the different possibilities that can be constructed concerning how long each dynasty lasted and how they relate to the biblical dates of the Flood, Tower, and Patriarchs.
Where in the World Is the Tower of Babel?
Anne Habermehl • March 23, 2011
This biblical story is believed by many to be the record of a real historical event that took place after the worldwide Flood, at a time when the earth’s population still lived together in one place.
Tower of Babel on Answers Research Journal
After the global flood, the Lord gave Noah’s descendants an opportunity to start over, but it did not take long for people to rebel again. Refusing to spread around the globe as God had commanded, they stayed together and sought to make a name for themselves by building a city and a tower whose top would be in the heavens. God judged these rebels by confusing their language. Unable to effectively communicate with one another, they ceased building the city and tower and then separated to fill the earth.
Secularists often view the Babel event as a myth, while liberal theologians generally see the Babel narrative as being a later invention during the Jews’ exile in Babylon. However, the Babel event serves as an integral part of the biblical worldview. This passage explains more than just the origin of human languages; it also provides the historical basis for the origin of the world’s various people groups. Thus, while ethnic differences exist, there are not different races of humanity. This biblical truth matches biological research but contradicts evolutionary expectations that often view certain “races” as being more highly evolved than others. Emphasizing the biblical truth that all humans are related lays the necessary foundation for addressing much of the “racial” tension in our modern world.
These peer-reviewed articles in the Answers Research Journal (ARJ) will focus on the biblical, theological, social, archaeological, and scientific aspects of the Babel account. They will demonstrate the historical reliability of the biblical record and refute arguments designed to undermine the historicity of the Babel account.